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overview
holdings
landmarks
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landmarks
This chronology is indicative only. It covers -
Context is provided by the broader communications and
media timeline on this site.
antecedents
1901 Foster & Kleiser (F&K) billboard business
founded
1936 outdoor advertising group More O'Ferrall founded,
later renamed More Group
1952 F&K acquired by WR Grace conglomerate
1959 F&K sold to Metropolitan Broadcasting (later
Metromedia)
1962 F&K Phoenix and Fresno operations sold to Karl
Eller, who forms Eller Outdoor Advertising
1965 Barry Ackerley buys Seattle's Obie Advertising (regional
billboard company)
1972 F&K buys Houston Poster Advertising Co
beginnings
1972 San Antonio Broadcasting Company acquires KEEZ-FM
(now KAJA-FM) in San Antonio, Texas for US$125,000
1975 buys WOAI-AM
1978 Karl Eller sells billboard, newspaper and broadcast
operations (Combined Communications) to Gannett
for US$373m, later founds Eller Media
1981 Terry Jacobs founds Jacor
1982 Metromedia sells F&K
billboards to Outdoor Advertising Associates but retains
plant and management operations responsibility
1983 Ackerley Group buys Seattle SuperSonics for US$22m
1986 Metromedia sells F&K operations to GE
affiliate Patrick Media
1986 San Antonio Broadcasting goes public as Clear
1986 buys Broad Street Communications Corporation, increasing
holdings to six FM and six AM stations in seven markets
1988 buys WPMI-TV in Mobile, Alabama and Pensacola, Florida
1988 Evergreen Media established
1989 Clear buys television stations in Tucson, Jacksonville,
and Tulsa
1989 creates sports division, Clear Channel Sports, for
radio rights to broadcast certain NCAA sports events
1989 Hicks founds Capstar Communications
1990 Clear buys KSAS-TV in Wichita, Kansas
1991 buys 78-station affiliate Kentucky Network - news,
sports and info network servicing radio stations
1991 GE Capital absorbs Patrick Media
1992 US regulatory changes
1992 new Federal Communications Commission duopoly rules
allow ownership of two FM and two AM radio stations in
a US market
1992 Clear buys WPTY-TV, a FOX
television affiliate in Memphis, Tennessee
1992 buys radio stations in New Haven, Wichita, Richmond,
and Tampa
1993 buys radio stations in San Antonio, Austin, Richmond,
and Oklahoma City
1993 buys television stations in Memphis, Minneapolis,
and Tulsa
1993 Zell/Chilmark takes control of Jacor for US$70m
1993 Steven Hicks founds SFX Broadcasting
1995 GE sells Patrick to Eller Media and Hellman &
Friedman
1995 Clear buys radio stations in Houston
1995 buys television stations in Harrisburg and Jacksonville
Australian Radio Network
1995 buys 50% interest in Australian Radio Network
(ARN) in Australia
1996 Telecommunications Act of 1996 passed
1996 Chancellor buys 12 stations
from Colfax Communications for US$365m, eight stations
from OmniAmerica Group for US$178m and 19 stations from
Shamrock Broadcasting for US$395m
1996 Clear buys 49 radio stations in 20 US markets, inc
WHYN AM/FM Springfield and WWBB-FM Providence/WWRX-FM
Westerly RI from Radio Equity Partners
1996 buys 33.3% interest in the largest radio group in
New Zealand
1996 Jacor Communications pays US$774m for Citicasters
ten FM and four AM radio stations
1996 Jacor pays US$152 million for 10 radio stations in
Noble Broadcast Group
1996 Steve Hicks leaves SFX Broadcasting, forms Capstar
Broadcasting with HMTF
1996 Clear buys Heftel Broadcasting (Spanish-language
radio network)
1997 Chancellor Media Group created when Chancellor Group
merges with Evergreen in US$1.5bn deal and buys radio
stations of Paramount
1997 Capstar buys SFX Broadcasting (71 stations) for US$2.1bn
1997 Robert F X Sillerman, executive chair of SFX Broadcasting,
founds SFX Entertainment
1997 Clear buys Eller Media Company, Universal Outdoor
(outdoor advertising)
1997 Jacor pays US$620m for 17 station Nationwide Communication
1997 Clear buys ABC Outdoor, Paxson
Communications outdoor bulletin plant in Florida and 4,000
transit shelter displays in California from Metro Display
Advertising
1997 buys 27 radio stations, inc Tichenor Media System
Inc
1997 buys Paxson group's 43 radio
stations
1997 Ackerley Group lists on American Stock Exchange
1998 Clear acquires Jim Gibbons Radio
1998 Clear buys More Group for £466m
1998 buys 38 radio stations, inc Dame Media (WGY/WRVE/WHRL
Schenectady-Albany and 3 AM-3 FM in Utica) for US$85m
1998 Jacor gains six stations from CBS
(KOME-FM KUFX-FM San Jose, KSD-FM KLOU-FM St Louis, WCAO-AM
WOCT-FM Baltimore) in exchange for five Jacor stations
to CBS (Columbus WLVQ-FM WAZU-FM WHOK-FM, Minneapolis
KSGS-AM KMJZ-FM)
1998 Clear pays US$6.5bn for Jacor Communications radio
holdings (204 stations), taking portfolio to over 450
stations
1998 buys 40% interest in Grupo Acir, largest operator
of radio stations in Mexico
1998 Chancellor buys Capstar stations, becomes AMFM Inc
radio station chain
1999 Clear pays US$23.5bn for AMFM, taking portfolio to
over 900 stations
1999 required to sell AMFM 30% stake in Lamar
Advertising Co
1999 buys Dauphin, European outdoor advertising company
1999 buys Urbamex outdoor media, Mexico and Spain
1999 buys Interstate Outdoor
1999 enters taxi advertising industry with acquisition
of Taxi Tops
1999 buys Donrey Outdoor
1999 buys Procom advertising, Chile
2000 buys SFX Entertainment for US$4.4bn
Ackerley and Donrey
2000 buys outdoor assets of Taxi Tops and Ackerley Media
2000 sells 12 radio stations to Radio
One for US$1.3bn
2000 sells WYGY-FM, WBOB-AM, WKNR-AM, WRMR-AM and KALC-FM
to Salem Communications for US$185m
2000 Ackerley buys KJEO Fresno from Fisher Broadcasting
for US$60m
2000 buys WWTI-TV Watertown , from Smith Broadcasting
Group and WBGH Binghamton from Smith Television
2000 sells Miami/Ft Lauderdale and West Palm Beach billboard
business to Clear's Eller Media Company for US$300m
2001 Ackerley sells Seattle SuperSonics NBA franchise
for US$200m to Seattle group led by Starbucks' Howard
Schultz
2001 Clear buys Ackerley Group stations for US$850m
2001 buys Milani Concerti and Trident Agency in Italy
2002 sells Hispanic Broadcasting to Univision
for US$3.5bn
2005 announces plans to spin off entertainment unit (SFX/Clear
Channel Entertainment) and sell 10% stake in outdoor ad
unit
2005 spins off entertainment unit as Live
Nation
2006 Clear buys In-ter-space Services airport advertising
group for US$81.3m
2006 Clear agrees to be bought for US$18.7bn by Thomas
H Lee Partners and Bain Capital consortium
2007 announces agreement to sell its television group
to Providence Equity Partners for US$1.2bn (later US$1.1bn)
2008 INM buys remaining 50% in Clear
Channel Independent (african outdoor advertising) from
Clear for £64.7m
2008 Clear sells WTEM, WTNT and WWRC Washington to Red
Zebra Broadcasting (Daniel Snyder) for US$24.5m
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